Selecting modulation and coding scheme in the presence of interference

ABSTRACT

A system including a sensing module to sense an interference signal in a wireless channel, determine whether the interference signal is noise or a modulated signal transmitted by a device, and attempt to determine a modulation scheme of the modulated signal. A capacity determination module determines capacities of the wireless channel to transmit data using a plurality of modulation schemes. The plurality of modulation schemes includes (i) the modulation scheme used by the device to modulate the modulated signal if the sensing module can determine the modulation scheme of the modulated signal and (ii) one or more modulation schemes that can be used by the device to modulate the modulated signal if the sensing module cannot determine the modulation scheme of the modulated signal. A selection module selects, based on the capacities of the wireless channel, one of the plurality of modulation schemes to transmit data over the wireless channel.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This present disclosure is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/482,534 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,355,677), filed on May 29,2012, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/121,254 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,190,092), filed on May 15, 2008, whichclaims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/968,748, filedon Aug. 29, 2007. The entire disclosures of the above referencedapplications are incorporated herein by reference.

This application is related to U.S. Provisional Application No.60/917,433 filed May 11, 2007 and U.S. Provisional Application No.60/950,425 filed Jul. 18, 2007. The entire disclosures of the abovereferenced applications are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to wireless communication systems, andmore particularly to selecting a suitable modulation and coding scheme(MCS) to transmit signals in the presence of interference.

BACKGROUND

The background description provided herein is for the purpose ofgenerally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of thepresently named inventors, to the extent the work is described in thisbackground section, as well as aspects of the description that may nototherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neitherexpressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the presentdisclosure.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a typical communication system 10 comprises aninformation source 12, a transmitter 13, a communication channel 20, areceiver 27, and a destination 28. The transmitter 13 comprises a sourceencoder 14, a channel encoder 16, and a modulator 18. The receiver 27comprises a demodulator 22, a channel decoder 24, and a source decoder26.

The information source 12 may be an analog source such as a sensor thatoutputs information as continuous waveforms or a digital source such asa computer that outputs information in a digital form. The sourceencoder 14 converts the output of the information source 12 into asequence of binary digits (bits) called an information sequence u. Thechannel encoder 16 converts the information sequence u into a discreteencoded sequence v called a codeword. The modulator 18 transforms thecodeword into a waveform of duration T seconds that is suitable fortransmission.

The waveform output by the modulator 18 is transmitted via thecommunication channel 20. Typical examples of the communication channel20 are telephone lines, wireless communication channels, optical fibercables, etc. Noise, such as electromagnetic interference, inter-channelcrosstalk, etc., may corrupt the waveform.

The demodulator 22 receives the waveform. The demodulator 22 processeseach waveform and generates a received sequence r that is either adiscrete (quantized) or a continuous output. The channel decoder 24converts the received sequence r into a binary sequence u′ called anestimated information sequence. The source decoder 26 converts u′ intoan estimate of the output of the information source 12 and delivers theestimate to the destination 28. The estimate may be a faithfulreproduction of the output of the information source 12 when u′resembles u despite decoding errors that may be caused by the noise.

In wireless communication systems, channel quality depends on the amountof noise and/or interference present in a channel. Channel quality isgood when the amount of noise and/or interference present in the channelis low. Channel quality is bad when the amount of noise and/orinterference present in the channel is high.

When channel quality is good, data may be reliably transmitted usingcodes having high data rates, where the number of redundant or paritybits used is low relative to the number of data bits. Conversely, whenchannel quality is bad, data may be reliably transmitted using codeshaving low data rates, where the number of redundant or parity bits usedis high relative to the number of data bits.

Depending on channel quality, transmitters may use different modulationand coding schemes (MCSs) to transmit data. Each MCS may include adifferent code for encoding data and a different modulation scheme formodulating encoded data. Based on the code used, each MCS may have adifferent spectral efficiency, which is a ratio of data rate (alsocalled coding rate) to channel bandwidth. Spectral efficiency is high orlow when codes used have high or low data rates, respectively.Transmitters may adaptively select MCSs having high or low spectralefficiencies when channel quality is good or bad, respectively.

SUMMARY

A wireless device comprises an interference sensing module, a modulationand coding schemes (MCS) selection module, and a transmit module. Theinterference sensing module selectively receives an interference signalover a channel. The interference signal is modulated using P MCSs, whereP is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The MCS selection moduleselects an MCS based on the P MCSs. The transmit module transmits atransmit signal over the channel using the MCS.

In another feature, the wireless device further comprises a channelcapacity module that generates modulation constrained capacities (MCCs)for the channel based on first modulation schemes of the P MCSs andsecond modulation schemes of Q MCSs that include the MCS, where Q is aninteger greater than 1.

In another feature, the wireless device further comprises a capacityselection module that selects one of the MCCs for each of the secondmodulation schemes and that generates selected capacities for the secondmodulation schemes.

In another feature, the capacity selection module generates the selectedcapacities by one of selecting a smallest of the MCCs and averaging theMCCs of respective ones of the second modulation schemes.

In another feature, the wireless device further comprises a capacityaveraging module that averages the selected capacities over a pluralityof slots when the interference signal is modulated using a plurality ofthe first modulation schemes over the slots and that generates averagecapacities for the second modulation schemes, wherein the slots includeone of time slots and frequency slots.

In another feature, the MCS selection module selects one of the Q MCSsas the MCS when one of the average capacities of one of the secondmodulation schemes corresponding to the one of the Q MCSs is greaterthan a threshold capacity of the one of the Q MCSs.

In another feature, when the average capacities of a plurality of thesecond modulation schemes are greater than threshold capacities ofcorresponding ones of the Q MCSs, the MCS selection module selects oneof the ones of the Q MCSs having a highest data rate as the MCS.

In another feature, the wireless device further comprises a capacityaveraging module that averages the MCCs over a plurality of slots whenthe interference signal is modulated using one of the first modulationschemes over the slots and that generates average MCCs, wherein theslots include one of time slots and frequency slots.

In another feature, the wireless device further comprises a capacityselection module that selects one of the average MCCs for each of thesecond modulation schemes and that generates selected capacities for thesecond modulation schemes.

In another feature, the capacity selection module generates the selectedcapacities by one of selecting a smallest of the average MCCs andaveraging the average MCCs of respective ones of the second modulationschemes.

In another feature, the MCS selection module selects one of the Q MCSsas the MCS when one of the selected capacities of one of the secondmodulation schemes corresponding to the one of the Q MCSs is greaterthan a threshold capacity of the one of the Q MCSs.

In another feature, when the selected capacities of a plurality of thesecond modulation schemes are greater than threshold capacities ofcorresponding ones of the Q MCSs, the MCS selection module selects oneof the ones of the Q MCSs having a highest data rate as the MCS.

In another feature, a cellular communication system comprises thewireless device and a base station (BS), wherein the wireless devicetransmits the MCS to the BS, and wherein the BS transmits data to thewireless device using the MCS.

In another feature, a cellular communication system comprises aplurality of the wireless devices of and a plurality of base stations(BSs), wherein a first of the plurality of the wireless device (Device1)is associated with a first of the BSs (BS1), and wherein a second of theplurality of the wireless device (Device2) is associated with a secondof the BSs (BS2). At least one of the BS2 and the Device2 transmit datausing the P MCSs. The BS1 selects and transmits the MCS to the Device1.The Device1 transmits data to the BS1 using the MCS.

In still other features, a method comprises selectively receiving aninterference signal over a channel. The interference signal is modulatedusing P modulation and coding schemes (MCSs), where P is an integergreater than or equal to 1. The method further comprises selecting anMCS based on the P MCSs and transmitting a transmit signal over thechannel using the MCS.

In another feature, the method further comprises generating modulationconstrained capacities (MCCs) for the channel based on first modulationschemes of the P MCSs and second modulation schemes of Q MCSs thatinclude the MCS, where Q is an integer greater than 1.

In another feature, the method further comprises selecting one of theMCCs for each of the second modulation schemes and generating selectedcapacities for the second modulation schemes.

In another feature, the method further comprises generating the selectedcapacities by one of selecting a smallest of the MCCs and averaging theMCCs of respective ones of the second modulation schemes.

In another feature, the method further comprises averaging the selectedcapacities over a plurality of slots when the interference signal ismodulated using a plurality of the first modulation schemes over theslots and generating average capacities for the second modulationschemes, wherein the slots include one of time slots and frequencyslots.

In another feature, the method further comprises selecting one of the QMCSs as the MCS when one of the average capacities of one of the secondmodulation schemes corresponding to the one of the Q MCSs is greaterthan a threshold capacity of the one of the Q MCSs.

In another feature, when the average capacities of a plurality of thesecond modulation schemes are greater than threshold capacities ofcorresponding ones of the Q MCSs, the method further comprises selectingone of the ones of the Q MCSs having a highest data rate as the MCS.

In another feature, the method further comprises averaging the MCCs overa plurality of slots when the interference signal is modulated using oneof the first modulation schemes over the slots and generating averageMCCs, wherein the slots include one of time slots and frequency slots.

In another feature, the method further comprises selecting one of theaverage MCCs for each of the second modulation schemes and generatingselected capacities for the second modulation schemes.

In another feature, the method further comprises generating the selectedcapacities by one of selecting a smallest of the average MCCs andaveraging the average MCCs of respective ones of the second modulationschemes.

In another feature, the method further comprises selecting one of the QMCSs as the MCS when one of the selected capacities of one of the secondmodulation schemes corresponding to the one of the Q MCSs is greaterthan a threshold capacity of the one of the Q MCSs.

In another feature, when the selected capacities of a plurality of thesecond modulation schemes are greater than threshold capacities ofcorresponding ones of the Q MCSs, the method further comprises selectingone of the ones of the Q MCSs having a highest data rate as the MCS.

In another feature, the method further comprises selecting andtransmitting the MCS from a mobile station (MS) to a base station (BS)of a cellular communication system and transmitting data from the BS tothe MS using the MCS.

In another feature, the method further comprises selecting andtransmitting the MCS from a first base station (BS1) to a first mobilestation (MS1) that is associated with the BS1 and transmitting data fromthe MS1 to the BS1 using the MCS when a second base station (BS2) and asecond mobile station (MS2) communicate using the P MCSs.

In still other features, a wireless device comprises interferencesensing means for selectively receiving an interference signal over achannel. The interference signal is modulated using P modulation andcoding schemes (MCSs), where P is an integer greater than or equal to 1.The wireless device further comprises MCS selection means for selectingan MCS based on the P MCSs and transmit means for transmitting atransmit signal over the channel using the MCS.

In another feature, the wireless device further comprises channelcapacity means for generating modulation constrained capacities (MCCs)for the channel based on first modulation schemes of the P MCSs andsecond modulation schemes of Q MCSs that include the MCS, where Q is aninteger greater than 1.

In another feature, the wireless device further comprises capacityselection means for selecting one of the MCCs for each of the secondmodulation schemes and generating selected capacities for the secondmodulation schemes.

In another feature, the capacity selection means generates the selectedcapacities by one of selecting a smallest of the MCCs and averaging theMCCs of respective ones of the second modulation schemes.

In another feature, the wireless device further comprises capacityaveraging means for averaging the selected capacities over a pluralityof slots when the interference signal is modulated using a plurality ofthe first modulation schemes over the slots and generating averagecapacities for the second modulation schemes, wherein the slots includeone of time slots and frequency slots.

In another feature, the MCS selection means selects one of the Q MCSs asthe MCS when one of the average capacities of one of the secondmodulation schemes corresponding to the one of the Q MCSs is greaterthan a threshold capacity of the one of the Q MCSs.

In another feature, when the average capacities of a plurality of thesecond modulation schemes are greater than threshold capacities ofcorresponding ones of the Q MCSs, the MCS selection means selects one ofthe ones of the Q MCSs having a highest data rate as the MCS.

In another feature, the wireless device further comprises capacityaveraging means for averaging the MCCs over a plurality of slots whenthe interference signal is modulated using one of the first modulationschemes over the slots and generating average MCCs, wherein the slotsinclude one of time slots and frequency slots.

In another feature, the wireless device further comprises capacityselection means for selecting one of the average MCCs for each of thesecond modulation schemes and generating selected capacities for thesecond modulation schemes.

In another feature, the capacity selection means generates the selectedcapacities by one of selecting a smallest of the average MCCs andaveraging the average MCCs of respective ones of the second modulationschemes.

In another feature, the MCS selection means selects one of the Q MCSs asthe MCS when one of the selected capacities of one of the secondmodulation schemes corresponding to the one of the Q MCSs is greaterthan a threshold capacity of the one of the Q MCSs.

In another feature, when the selected capacities of a plurality of thesecond modulation schemes are greater than threshold capacities ofcorresponding ones of the Q MCSs, the MCS selection means selects one ofthe ones of the Q MCSs having a highest data rate as the MCS.

In another feature, a cellular communication system comprises thewireless device and a base station (BS), wherein the wireless devicetransmits the MCS to the BS, and wherein the BS transmits data to thewireless device using the MCS.

In another feature, a cellular communication system comprises aplurality of the wireless devices and a plurality of base stations(BSs), wherein a first of the plurality of the wireless device (Device1)is associated with a first of the BSs (BS1x), and wherein a second ofthe plurality of the wireless device (Device2) is associated with asecond of the BSs (BS2). At least one of the BS2 and the Device1transmit data using the P MCSs. The BS1 selects and transmits the MCS tothe Device1. The Device1 transmits data to the BS1 using the MCS.

In still other features, a computer program executed by a processorcomprises selectively receiving an interference signal over a channel.The interference signal is modulated using P modulation and codingschemes (MCSs), where P is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Thecomputer program further comprises selecting an MCS based on the P MCSsand transmitting a transmit signal over the channel using the MCS.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises generatingmodulation constrained capacities (MCCs) for the channel based on firstmodulation schemes of the P MCSs and second modulation schemes of Q MCSsthat include the MCS, where Q is an integer greater than 1.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises selecting oneof the MCCs for each of the second modulation schemes and generatingselected capacities for the second modulation schemes.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises generatingthe selected capacities by one of selecting a smallest of the MCCs andaveraging the MCCs of respective ones of the second modulation schemes.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises averaging theselected capacities over a plurality of slots when the interferencesignal is modulated using a plurality of the first modulation schemesover the slots and generating average capacities for the secondmodulation schemes, wherein the slots include one of time slots andfrequency slots.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises selecting oneof the Q MCSs as the MCS when one of the average capacities of one ofthe second modulation schemes corresponding to the one of the Q MCSs isgreater than a threshold capacity of the one of the Q MCSs.

In another feature, when the average capacities of a plurality of thesecond modulation schemes are greater than threshold capacities ofcorresponding ones of the Q MCSs, the computer program further comprisesselecting one of the ones of the Q MCSs having a highest data rate asthe MCS.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises averaging theMCCs over a plurality of slots when the interference signal is modulatedusing one of the first modulation schemes over the slots and generatingaverage MCCs, wherein the slots include one of time slots and frequencyslots.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises selecting oneof the average MCCs for each of the second modulation schemes andgenerating selected capacities for the second modulation schemes.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises generatingthe selected capacities by one of selecting a smallest of the averageMCCs and averaging the average MCCs of respective ones of the secondmodulation schemes.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises selecting oneof the Q MCSs as the MCS when one of the selected capacities of one ofthe second modulation schemes corresponding to the one of the Q MCSs isgreater than a threshold capacity of the one of the Q MCSs.

In another feature, when the selected capacities of a plurality of thesecond modulation schemes are greater than threshold capacities ofcorresponding ones of the Q MCSs, the computer program further comprisesselecting one of the ones of the Q MCSs having a highest data rate asthe MCS.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises selecting andtransmitting the MCS from a mobile station (MS) to a base station (BS)of a cellular communication system and transmitting data from the BS tothe MS using the MCS.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises selecting andtransmitting the MCS from a first base station (BS1) to a first mobilestation (MS1) that is associated with the BS1 and transmitting data fromthe MS1 to the BS1 using the MCS when a second base station (BS2) and asecond mobile station (MS2) communicate using the P MCSs.

In still other features, the systems and methods described above areimplemented by a computer program executed by one or more processors.The computer program can reside on a computer readable medium such asbut not limited to memory, nonvolatile data storage, and/or othersuitable tangible storage mediums.

Further areas of applicability of the present disclosure will becomeapparent from the detailed description, the claims and the drawings. Itshould be understood that the detailed description and specific examplesare intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended tolimit the scope of the disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure will become more fully understood from thedetailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary communicationsystem according to the prior art;

FIG. 2A is a functional block diagram of an exemplary system forselecting a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to transmit signalsaccording to the present disclosure;

FIG. 2B is a table of exemplary MCSs that may be used to transmitsignals according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an exemplary method for selecting an MCS totransmit signals according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 4A depicts downlink transmissions of an exemplary cellularcommunication system according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 4B depicts uplink transmissions of an exemplary cellularcommunication system according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 5A is a functional block diagram of a high definition television;

FIG. 5B is a functional block diagram of a vehicle control system;

FIG. 5C is a functional block diagram of a cellular phone;

FIG. 5D is a functional block diagram of a set top box; and

FIG. 5E is a functional block diagram of a mobile device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is in no wayintended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses. For purposesof clarity, the same reference numbers will be used in the drawings toidentify similar elements. As used herein, the phrase at least one of A,B, and C should be construed to mean a logical (A or B or C), using anon-exclusive logical or. It should be understood that steps within amethod may be executed in different order without altering theprinciples of the present disclosure.

As used herein, the term module refers to an Application SpecificIntegrated Circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared,dedicated, or group) and memory that execute one or more software orfirmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitablecomponents that provide the described functionality.

When selecting modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) to transmit signals,traditional wireless transmitters treat interference as noise.Specifically, interference signals, which are signals transmitted byother transmitters to other receivers, are traditionally treated asGaussian noise signals. Most interference signals, however, are notGaussian since most interference signals are modulated using amodulation scheme having a finite constellation size while Gaussiannoise signals are unmodulated.

The present disclosure proposes systems and methods for selecting MCSsthat distinguish interference signals from Gaussian noise signalsinstead of treating interference signals as Gaussian noise signals.Transmitters may select MCSs more accurately when interference signalsare distinguished from Gaussian noise signals than when interferencesignals treated as Gaussian noise signals.

The detailed description is organized as follows. Initially, amathematical model is proposed for a receive signal that includes anintended transmit signal, an interference signal, and a Gaussian noisesignal. A modulation constrained capacity (MCC) of a channel for a givenmodulation scheme is derived using the mathematical model, where the MCCis a maximum number of bits that can be reliably transmitted over thechannel using the modulation scheme. Thereafter, systems and methods forselecting an MCS by generating MCCs for multiple modulation schemes oftransmit and interference signals are discussed. An example of selectingthe MCS and examples of downlink and uplink transmissions using thesystems and methods of the present disclosure follow.

A receive signal Y[n] received by a receiver from the transmitter may bemathematically represented as follows.Y[n]=h _(D) [n]X[n]+h _(I) [n]I[n]+N[n]

X[n] is the intended transmit signal (hereinafter transmit signal)having a constellation size M transmitted by the transmitter. I[n] isthe interference signal having a constellation size L present in thechannel. N[n] is a circularly symmetric complex Gaussian noise signalhaving zero mean and noise variance of 1 present in the channel.h_(D)[n] is a direct channel gain. h_(I)[n] is an interference channelgain. n is a slot index indicating a number of time slots or frequencyslots of signals. Traditionally, the interference signal I[n] is mergedinto (i.e., considered a part of) the Gaussian noise signal N[n] (e.g.,h_(I)[n]I[n]+N[n]=N′[n]). The present disclosure, however, treats theinterference signal I[n] as distinct from the Gaussian noise signal N[n]as indicated in the mathematical representation of the receive signal.

Typically, an MCS to be used to transmit the transmit signal is selectedbased on MCC (hereinafter capacity) of the channel for the modulationscheme used by the transmitters. The capacity of the channel (i.e.,channel capacity) for the modulation scheme may be generated differentlydepending on whether the transmitters use coded modulation (CM) orbit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM).

When the transmitters use CM, the channel capacity for the modulationscheme is given by the following equation.

$\begin{matrix}{C_{MCC} = {{h(X)} - {h\left( X \middle| Y \right)}}} \\{= {{\log_{2}M} - {E_{X,Y}\left\lbrack {\log_{2}\frac{1}{p\left( X \middle| Y \right)}} \right\rbrack}}} \\{= {{\log_{2}M} - {E_{X,Y}\left\lbrack {\log_{2}\frac{\sum\limits_{l = 1}^{L}{\sum\limits_{m = 1}^{M}{p\left( {{\left. Y \middle| X \right. = x_{m}},{I = i_{l}}} \right)}}}{\sum\limits_{l = 1}^{L}{p\left( {\left. Y \middle| X \right.,{I = i_{l}}} \right)}}} \right\rbrack}}}\end{matrix}$where h denotes differential entropy, and a conditional probabilitydensity function (PDF) is given by

${p\left( {{Y = {\left. y \middle| X \right. = x}},{I = i}} \right)} = {\frac{1}{\pi}\exp\left\{ {- \left( {y - {h_{D}x} - {h_{l}i}} \right)^{2}} \right\}}$

When the transmitters use BICM, the channel capacity for the modulationscheme is given by the following equation.

$C_{{MCC},{BICM}} = {M - {\sum\limits_{k = 1}^{\log_{2}M}{E_{b,Y}\left\lbrack {\log_{2}\frac{\sum\limits_{l = 1}^{L}{\sum\limits_{z \in \Phi}{p\left( {{\left. Y \middle| X \right. = z},{I = i_{l}}} \right)}}}{\sum\limits_{l = 1}^{L}{\sum\limits_{z \in \Phi_{k}^{b}}{p\left( {{\left. Y \middle| X \right. = z},{I = i_{l}}} \right)}}}} \right\rbrack}}}$where Φ denotes set of all signal constellation points, Φ_(k) ^(b)denotes set of signal constellation points x whose k^(th) bit positionhas a value of b, and the conditional PDF is given by

${p\left( {{Y = {\left. y \middle| X \right. = x}},{I = i}} \right)} = {\frac{1}{\pi}\exp\left\{ {- \left( {y - {h_{D}x} - {h_{l}i}} \right)^{2}} \right\}}$

The channel capacity is a function of the constellation size M of thetransmit signal, the constellation size L of the interference signal,the direct channel gain h_(D), and the magnitude and the phase of theinterference channel gain h_(I). When multiple interference signals arepresent, the magnitude and the phase of the interference channel gainfor each interference signal are considered. When no interferencesignals are present, the channel capacity is a function of M and h_(D).M is known based on the MCS intended to be used to transmit the transmitsignal. L can be known by decoding the interference signal. Channelcapacities for various modulation schemes may be generated usingnumerical methods and analyses and stored in a lookup table. Thetransmitter may use the lookup table to select a suitable MCS totransmit the transmit signal in the presence of the interference signal.

Specifically, the present disclosure relates to generating channelcapacities for various prospective modulation schemes of the transmitsignal by considering known or all possible modulation schemes of theinterference signal. The channel capacities of the prospectivemodulation schemes are compared to threshold channel capacities of MCSsthat use the respective modulation schemes. The MCS for which thechannel capacity of the modulation scheme is greater than the thresholdchannel capacity of the MCS is selected as the MCS to be used totransmit the transmit signal. When more than one MCS exists for whichthe channel capacity of the modulation scheme is greater than thethreshold capacity of the MCS, the MCS having the highest data rate isselected as the MCS to be used to transmit the transmit signal.

Referring now to FIG. 2A, a transmitter 50 comprising a system forselecting MCS by generating channel capacities for multiple modulationschemes of transmit and interference signals is shown. The systemcomprises an interference sensing module 52, a channel capacity module54, a capacity selection module 56, a capacity averaging module 58, andan MCS selection module 60. Additionally, the transmitter 50 comprises atransmit module 62 and an antenna 64. The transmit module 62 modulatesthe transmit signal using the MCS selected by the MCS selection module60 and transmits the transmit signal over the channel via the antenna64.

The interference sensing module 52 senses the interference signal thatmay be present in the channel via the antenna 64. The interferencesensing module 52 informs the channel capacity module 54 when theinterference signal is not detected. When the interference signal isdetected, the interference sensing module 52 may detect modulationscheme information of the interference signal and communicate themodulation scheme information to the channel capacity module 54. Themodulation scheme information may include the modulation scheme used tomodulate the interference signal and whether the modulation schemechanges over n slots. The modulation scheme of the interference signalmay change from slot to slot, where slots may be time slots or frequencyslots.

Occasionally, however, the modulation scheme information of theinterference signal may be unavailable. When the modulation schemeinformation is unavailable, the channel capacity module 54 generatescapacities for each modulation scheme that may be used to transmit thetransmit signal for all modulation schemes that may be used by theinterference signal. The channel capacity module 54 generates thecapacities for the given channel gain at each slot.

Let M1 and M2 denote types of modulation schemes of the transmit signaland the interference signal, respectively, where M1 and M2 are integersgreater than or equal to 1. M1 and M2 may include any modulation scheme(e.g., quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), quadrature phase-shiftkeying (QPSK) modulation, etc.). For example only, M1 may include 4QAM,16QAM, and 64QAM; and M2 may include 4QAM, 16QAM, and 64QAM.

Further, as an example only, the permissible coding rates (also calleddata rates) for each of the M1 modulation schemes may include 1/2, 2/3,3/4, and 5/6. A set S1 of a total number of MCSs for the intendedtransmit signal may include M1*(number of permissible coding rates perM1). For example, when M1=3, and number of permissible coding rates=4,S1 may include a total of 12 MCSs. The MCS selection module 60 mayselect one of the S1 MCSs to transmit the transmit signal as follows.

Specifically, the channel capacity module 54 may generate capacities foreach of the M1 modulation schemes considering that the interferencesignal may have any of the M2 modulation schemes. Accordingly, thechannel capacity module 54 may generate M1 sets of capacities, whereeach set has M2 capacities. In other words, the channel capacity module54 may generate a total of C=M1*M2 capacities. For example, when the M1and M2 modulation schemes each include 4QAM, 16QAM, and 64QAM, thechannel capacity module 54 may generate the C capacities as follows.

The channel capacity module 54 may generate capacities for themodulation scheme 4QAM of the transmit signal for all possiblemodulation schemes of the interference signal (e.g., 4QAM, 16QAM, and64QAM). The capacities are given by C_(4QAM,4QAM)[n],C_(4QAM,16QAM[n], C) _(4QAM,64QAM)[n].

The channel capacity module 54 may generate capacities for themodulation scheme 16QAM of the transmit signal for all possiblemodulation schemes of the interference signal (e.g., 4QAM, 16QAM, and64QAM). The capacities are given by C_(16QAM,4QAM)[n],C_(16QAM,16QAM)[n], C_(16QAM,64QAM)[n].

The channel capacity module 54 may generate capacities for themodulation scheme 64QAM of the transmit signal for all possiblemodulation schemes of the interference signal (e.g., 4QAM, 16QAM, and64QAM). The capacities are given by C_(64QAM,4QAM)[n],C_(64QAM,16QAM)[n], C_(64QAM,64QAM)[n].

Next, the capacity selection module 56 may select one of the capacitiesfor each of the M1 modulation schemes from each of the M1 sets ofcapacities. Since the probability that the interference signal may haveany one of the M2 modulation schemes is equal to 1/M2, the capacityselection module 56 may average the capacities of each set and selectthe average capacity for each of the M1 modulation schemes as follows.

${C_{4{QAM}}\lbrack n\rbrack} = {\frac{1}{3}\left( {{C_{{4{QAM}},{4{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack} + {C_{{4{QAM}},{16{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack} + {C_{{4{QAM}},{64{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack}} \right)}$${C_{16{QAM}}\lbrack n\rbrack} = {\frac{1}{3}\left( {{C_{{16{QAM}},{4{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack} + {C_{{16{QAM}},{16{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack} + {C_{{16{QAM}},{64{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack}} \right)}$${C_{64{QAM}}\lbrack n\rbrack} = {\frac{1}{3}\left( {{C_{{64{QAM}},{4{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack} + {C_{{64{QAM}},{16{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack} + {C_{{64{QAM}},{64{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack}} \right)}$

Alternatively, when receivers cannot cancel interference, the capacityselection module 56 may conservatively select a smallest of thecapacities in each set for each of the M1 modulation schemes as follows.

C_(4QAM)[n] = min {C_(4QAM, 4QAM)[n], C_(4QAM, 16QAM)[n], C_(4QAM, 64QAM)[n]}C_(16QAM)[n] = min {C_(16QAM, 4QAM)[n], C_(16QAM, 16QAM)[n], C_(16QAM, 64QAM)[n]}C_(64QAM)[n] = min {C_(64QAM, 4QAM)[n], C_(64QAM, 16QAM)[n], C_(64QAM, 64QAM)[n]}

When, however, the modulation scheme information of the interferencesignal is available, the channel capacity module 54 may generate only M1capacities based on each of the M1 modulation schemes and the knownmodulation scheme of the interference signal. For example, when themodulation scheme of the interference signal is 16QAM, the channelcapacity module 54 may generate only C_(4QAM,16QAM)[n],C_(16QAM,16QAM)[n], C_(64QAM,64QAM)[n]. Accordingly,C_(4QAM)[n]=C_(4QAM,16QAM)[n], C_(16QAM)[n]=C_(16QAM,16QAM)[n], andC_(64QAM)[n]=C_(64QAM,16QAM)[n].

The capacity averaging module 58 may generate an average capacity foreach of the M1 modulation schemes by averaging the selected capacitiesfor each of the M1 modulation schemes over all n slots as follows.

$C_{4{QAM}} = {\frac{1}{N}{\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N - 1}{C_{4{QAM}}\lbrack n\rbrack}}}$$C_{16{QAM}} = {\frac{1}{N}{\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N - 1}{C_{16{QAM}}\lbrack n\rbrack}}}$$C_{64{QAM}} = {\frac{1}{N}{\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N - 1}{C_{64{QAM}}\lbrack n\rbrack}}}$

The MCS selection module 60 may compare the average capacity of each ofthe M1 modulation schemes to a threshold capacity for the respectiveMCS. The threshold capacity may be based on a predetermined packetlength and a predetermined target probability of error for each of theM1 modulation schemes. The MCS selection module 60 may select one of theS1 MCSs for which the average capacity of the modulation scheme isgreater than the threshold capacity of the MCS. When more than one MCSexists for which the average capacity of the modulation scheme isgreater than the threshold capacity of the MCS, the MCS having thehighest data rate is selected. The selected one of the S1 MCSs is usedto transmit the transmit signal in the channel in the presence of theinterference signal.

When the modulation scheme of the interference signal is unchanged overthe n slots, the capacity averaging module 58 may first average each ofthe C capacities over all slots as follows.

$C_{{4{QAM}},{4{QAM}}} = {\frac{1}{N}{\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N - 1}{C_{{4{QAM}},{4{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack}}}$$C_{{4{QAM}},{16{QAM}}} = {\frac{1}{N}{\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N - 1}{C_{{4{QAM}},{16{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack}}}$$C_{{4{QAM}},{64{QAM}}} = {\frac{1}{N}{\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N - 1}{C_{{4{QAM}},{64{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack}}}$$C_{{16{QAM}},{4{QAM}}} = {\frac{1}{N}{\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N - 1}{C_{{16{QAM}},{4{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack}}}$$C_{{16{QAM}},{16{QAM}}} = {\frac{1}{N}{\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N - 1}{C_{{16{QAM}},{16{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack}}}$$C_{{16{QAM}},{64{QAM}}} = {\frac{1}{N}{\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N - 1}{C_{{16{QAM}},{64{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack}}}$$C_{{64{QAM}},{4{QAM}}} = {\frac{1}{N}{\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N - 1}{C_{{64{QAM}},{4{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack}}}$$C_{{64{QAM}},{16{QAM}}} = {\frac{1}{N}{\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N - 1}{C_{{64{QAM}},{16{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack}}}$$C_{{64{QAM}},{64{QAM}}} = {\frac{1}{N}{\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N - 1}{C_{{64{QAM}},{64{QAM}}}\lbrack n\rbrack}}}$

Subsequently, the capacity selection module 56 may select a capacity foreach of the M1 modulation schemes as follows.

$C_{4{QAM}} = {\frac{1}{3}\left( {C_{{4{QAM}},{4{QAM}}} + C_{{4{QAM}},{16{QAM}}} + C_{{4{QAM}},{64{QAM}}}} \right)}$$C_{16{QAM}} = {\frac{1}{3}\left( {C_{{16{QAM}},{4{QAM}}} + C_{{16{QAM}},{16{QAM}}} + C_{{16{QAM}},{64{QAM}}}} \right)}$$C_{64{QAM}} = {\frac{1}{3}\left( {C_{{64{QAM}},{4{QAM}}} + C_{{64{QAM}},{16{QAM}}} + C_{{64{QAM}},{64{QAM}}}} \right)}$or

C_(4QAM) = min {C_(4QAM, 4QAM), C_(4QAM, 16QAM), C_(4QAM, 64QAM)}C_(16QAM) = min {C_(16QAM, 4QAM), C_(16QAM, 16QAM), C_(16QAM, 64QAM)}C_(64QAM) = min {C_(64QAM, 4QAM), C_(64QAM, 16QAM), C_(64QAM, 64QAM)}

Thereafter, the MCS selection module 60 may compare the selectedcapacity of each of the M1 modulation schemes to the threshold capacityfor the respective MCS. The MCS selection module 60 may select one ofthe S1 MCSs for which the selected capacity of the modulation scheme isgreater than the threshold capacity of the MCS. When more than one MCSexists for which the selected capacity of the modulation scheme isgreater than the threshold capacity of the MCS, the MCS having thehighest data rate is selected. The selected one of the S1 MCSs is usedto transmit the transmit signal in the channel in the presence of theinterference signal.

When no interference signals are present, the channel capacity module 54may generate a channel capacity for each of the M1 modulation schemes ofthe transmit signal. The capacity averaging module 58 may average thechannel capacity of each of the M1 modulation schemes over n slots. TheMCS selection module 60 may compare the average capacity of each of theM1 modulation schemes to the threshold capacity for the respective MCS.The MCS selection module 60 may select one of the S1 MCSs for which theaverage capacity of the modulation scheme is greater than the thresholdcapacity of the MCS. When more than one MCS exists for which the averagecapacity of the modulation scheme is greater than the threshold capacityof the MCS, the MCS having the highest data rate is selected. Theselected one of the S1 MCSs may be used to transmit the transmit signalin the channel. An example of selecting the MCS according to the presentdisclosure follows.

Referring now to FIG. 2B, an exemplary table of prospective MCSs havingdifferent threshold capacities and data rates for transmitting thetransmit signal is shown. For example only, the modulation schemes to beused to transmit the transmit signal may include QPSK and 16QAMmodulation schemes. Additionally, for example only, the data rates forQPSK modulation scheme may include 1/3, 2/3, and 3/4, and the data ratesfor 16QAM modulation scheme may include 1/3 and 2/3. All data rates mayor may not be permissible. When the interference signal is modulatedusing the same MCSs as the transmit signal, for a single slot (i.e., forn=1), the MCS selection module 60 may select the MCS to transmit thetransmit signal as follows.

When the interference signal is modulated using a QPSK modulation scheme(i.e., one of MCSs 1-3) and QPSK modulation scheme is a prospectivemodulation scheme for the transmit signal, C_QPSK,QPSK may be 1.8.Additionally, when 16QAM is another prospective modulation scheme forthe transmit signal, C_(—)16QAM,QPSK may be 2.1. Out of the MCSs 1-3that use the QPSK modulation scheme, C_QPSK,QPSK of 1.8 is greater thana threshold capacity 1.7 of MCS 3, which has the highest data rate amongthe MCSs 1-3. Out of the MCSs 4 and 5 that use the 16QM modulationscheme, C_(—)16QAM,QPSK of 2.1 is greater than a threshold capacity 1.8of MCS 4 but is less than a threshold value 3.0 of MCS 5. Thus, MCS 3using the modulation scheme QPSK 3/4 and MCS 4 using the modulationscheme 16 QAM 1/3 are possible candidates for transmitting the transmitsignal. Between MCS 3 and MCS 4, the QPSK 3/4 modulation scheme of MCS 3has greater data rate than the 16QAM 1/3 modulation scheme of MCS 4.Accordingly, MCS 3 using the QPSK 3/4 modulation scheme is finallyselected, and the transmit signal is transmitted using the QPSK 3/4modulation scheme.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a method 100 for selecting MCS by generatingchannel capacities for multiple modulation schemes of transmit andinterference signals is shown. The method begins in step 102. Theinterference sensing module 52 determines in step 104 whetherinterference is present in the channel. If the result of step 104 isfalse, the channel capacity module 54 generates a channel capacity foreach intended modulation scheme of the transmit signal in step 106. Thecapacity averaging module 58 averages the channel capacity of eachintended modulation scheme of the transmit signal over n slots in step108.

If, however, the result of step 104 is true, the interference sensingmodule 52 determines in step 110 whether the modulation scheme of theinterference signal is known and generates modulation scheme informationof the interference signal. If the result of step 110 is true, thechannel capacity module 54 generates a channel capacity for eachintended modulation scheme of the transmit signal for the knownmodulation scheme of the interference signal in step 112. The capacityaveraging module 58 averages the channel capacity of each intendedmodulation scheme of the transmit signal for the known modulation schemeof the interference signal over n slots in step 108.

If, however, the result of step 110 is false, the channel capacitymodule 54 generates channel capacities for each intended modulationscheme of the transmit signal for all possible modulation schemes of theinterference signal in step 114. Based on the modulation schemeinformation, whether the modulation scheme of the interference signalchanges over n slots is determined in step 116.

If the result of step 116 is true, the capacity selection module 56selects one of the channel capacities for each intended modulationscheme of the transmit signal in step 118 by selecting the minimum orthe average of the channel capacities generated for the respectiveintended modulation schemes. The capacity averaging module 58 generatesaverage capacity for each intended modulation scheme of the transmitsignal by averaging the selected channel capacities of the respectiveintended modulation schemes over n slots in step 120.

If, however, the result of step 116 is false, the capacity averagingmodule 58 generates averaged capacities by averaging the channelcapacities over n slots in step 122. The capacity selection module 56selects one of the averaged capacities for each intended modulationscheme in step 124 by selecting the minimum or the average of theaveraged capacities generated for the respective intended modulationschemes.

At the end of steps 108, 120 or 124, the MCS selection module 60 selectsthe MCS for which the average capacity of the modulation scheme exceedsthe threshold capacity of the MCS in step 126. The MCS selection module60 determines in step 128 if more than one MCS exists for which theaverage capacity exceeds the threshold capacity. If the result of step128 is false, the method 100 ends in step 132. If the result of step 128is true, the MCS selection module 60 selects the MCS that has thehighest data rate in step 130. The method 100 ends in step 132.

The systems and methods for selecting MCS described in the presentdisclosure can select the MCS to reliably transmit the transmit signalwhen interference signals are 10 dB stronger than the transmit signal(i.e., when (h_(I)/h_(D))=10 dB). The systems and methods can be used inany wireless system where transmit signals may encounter interferencesignals that are generated by other transmitters and that are present inaddition to noise signals. Transmitters utilizing the systems andmethods perform best when used in conjunction with receivers capable ofcancelling interference.

Referring now to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the teachings of the presentdisclosure may be used by base stations and mobile stations of cellularcommunication systems when performing downlink and uplink transmissions.In FIG. 4A, a downlink transmission of an exemplary cellularcommunication system is shown. The cellular system may comprise two basestations BS1 and BS2 each communicating with mobile stations in Cell1and Cell2, respectively. When a mobile station (MS) is associated withBS1 at a location shown, the MS may receive the intended transmit signalfrom BS1 and the interference signal from BS2. The MS may decode themodulation scheme information of BS2 by decoding the interferencesignals received from BS2. The MS then may select the MCS and feed backthe selected MCS to BS1. BS1 subsequently transmits data to the MS usingthe MCS provided by the MS.

In FIG. 4B, an uplink transmission of an exemplary cellularcommunication system is shown. The cellular system may comprise twomobile stations MS1 and MS2 that are associated with base stations BS1and BS2, respectively. BS1 may receive the modulation scheme informationof MS2 from BS2 via a backbone network. BS1 then selects the MCS totransmit data to MS1 and informs MS1 about the selected MCS.Subsequently, MS1 transmits data to BS1 using the selected MCS assignedby BS1.

Referring now to FIGS. 5A-5E, various exemplary implementationsincorporating the teachings of the present disclosure are shown. In FIG.5A, the teachings of the disclosure can be implemented in a networkinterface 243 of a high definition television (HDTV) 237. Specifically,the teachings may be implemented in a wireless transmitter of thenetwork interface 243 when the network interface 243 communicateswirelessly via an antenna (not shown). The HDTV 237 includes an HDTVcontrol module 238, a display 239, a power supply 240, memory 241, astorage device 242, the network interface 243, and an external interface245.

The HDTV 237 can receive input signals from the network interface 243and/or the external interface 245, which can send and receive data viacable, broadband Internet, and/or satellite. The HDTV control module 238may process the input signals, including encoding, decoding, filtering,and/or formatting, and generate output signals. The output signals maybe communicated to one or more of the display 239, memory 241, thestorage device 242, the network interface 243, and the externalinterface 245.

Memory 241 may include random access memory (RAM) and/or nonvolatilememory. Nonvolatile memory may include any suitable type ofsemiconductor or solid-state memory, such as flash memory (includingNAND and NOR flash memory), phase change memory, magnetic RAM, andmulti-state memory, in which each memory cell has more than two states.The storage device 242 may include an optical storage drive, such as aDVD drive, and/or a hard disk drive (HDD). The HDTV control module 238communicates externally via the network interface 243 and/or theexternal interface 245. The power supply 240 provides power to thecomponents of the HDTV 237.

In FIG. 5B, the teachings of the disclosure may be implemented in anetwork interface 252 of a vehicle 246. Specifically, the teachings maybe implemented in a wireless transmitter of the network interface 252when the network interface 252 communicates wirelessly via an antenna(not shown). The vehicle 246 may include a vehicle control system 247, apower supply 248, memory 249, a storage device 250, and the networkinterface 252. The vehicle control system 247 may be a powertraincontrol system, a body control system, an entertainment control system,an anti-lock braking system (ABS), a navigation system, a telematicssystem, a lane departure system, an adaptive cruise control system, etc.

The vehicle control system 247 may communicate with one or more sensors254 and generate one or more output signals 256. The sensors 254 mayinclude temperature sensors, acceleration sensors, pressure sensors,rotational sensors, airflow sensors, etc. The output signals 256 maycontrol engine operating parameters, transmission operating parameters,suspension parameters, brake parameters, etc.

The power supply 248 provides power to the components of the vehicle246. The vehicle control system 247 may store data in memory 249 and/orthe storage device 250. Memory 249 may include random access memory(RAM) and/or nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory may include anysuitable type of semiconductor or solid-state memory, such as flashmemory (including NAND and NOR flash memory), phase change memory,magnetic RAM, and multi-state memory, in which each memory cell has morethan two states. The storage device 250 may include an optical storagedrive, such as a DVD drive, and/or a hard disk drive (HDD). The vehiclecontrol system 247 may communicate externally using the networkinterface 252.

Referring now to FIG. 5C, the teachings of the disclosure can beimplemented in a network interface 268 of a cellular phone 258.Specifically, the teachings may be implemented in a wireless transmitterof the network interface 268 when the network interface 268 communicateswirelessly via an antenna (not shown). The cellular phone 258 includes aphone control module 260, a power supply 262, memory 264, a storagedevice 266, and a cellular network interface 267. The cellular phone 258may include the network interface 268, a microphone 270, an audio output272 such as a speaker and/or output jack, a display 274, and a userinput device 276 such as a keypad and/or pointing device.

The phone control module 260 may receive input signals from the cellularnetwork interface 267, the network interface 268, the microphone 270,and/or the user input device 276. The phone control module 260 mayprocess signals, including encoding, decoding, filtering, and/orformatting, and generate output signals. The output signals may becommunicated to one or more of memory 264, the storage device 266, thecellular network interface 267, the network interface 268, and the audiooutput 272.

Memory 264 may include random access memory (RAM) and/or nonvolatilememory. Nonvolatile memory may include any suitable type ofsemiconductor or solid-state memory, such as flash memory (includingNAND and NOR flash memory), phase change memory, magnetic RAM, andmulti-state memory, in which each memory cell has more than two states.The storage device 266 may include an optical storage drive, such as aDVD drive, and/or a hard disk drive (HDD). The power supply 262 providespower to the components of the cellular phone 258.

Referring now to FIG. 5D, the teachings of the disclosure can beimplemented in a network interface 285 of a set top box 278.Specifically, the teachings may be implemented in a wireless transmitterof the network interface 285 when the network interface 285 communicateswirelessly via an antenna (not shown). The set top box 278 includes aset top control module 280, a display 281, a power supply 282, memory283, a storage device 284, and the network interface 285.

The set top control module 280 may receive input signals from thenetwork interface 285 and an external interface 287, which can send andreceive data via cable, broadband Internet, and/or satellite. The settop control module 280 may process signals, including encoding,decoding, filtering, and/or formatting, and generate output signals. Theoutput signals may include audio and/or video signals in standard and/orhigh definition formats. The output signals may be communicated to thenetwork interface 285 and/or to the display 281. The display 281 mayinclude a television, a projector, and/or a monitor.

The power supply 282 provides power to the components of the set top box278. Memory 283 may include random access memory (RAM) and/ornonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory may include any suitable type ofsemiconductor or solid-state memory, such as flash memory (includingNAND and NOR flash memory), phase change memory, magnetic RAM, andmulti-state memory, in which each memory cell has more than two states.The storage device 284 may include an optical storage drive, such as aDVD drive, and/or a hard disk drive (HDD).

Referring now to FIG. 5E, the teachings of the disclosure can beimplemented in a network interface 294 of a mobile device 289.Specifically, the teachings may be implemented in a wireless transmitterof the network interface 294 when the network interface 294 communicateswirelessly via an antenna (not shown). The mobile device 289 may includea mobile device control module 290, a power supply 291, memory 292, astorage device 293, the network interface 294, and an external interface299. If the network interface 294 includes a wireless local area networkinterface, an antenna (not shown) may be included.

The mobile device control module 290 may receive input signals from thenetwork interface 294 and/or the external interface 299. The externalinterface 299 may include USB, infrared, and/or Ethernet. The inputsignals may include compressed audio and/or video, and may be compliantwith the MP3 format. Additionally, the mobile device control module 290may receive input from a user input 296 such as a keypad, touchpad, orindividual buttons. The mobile device control module 290 may processinput signals, including encoding, decoding, filtering, and/orformatting, and generate output signals.

The mobile device control module 290 may output audio signals to anaudio output 297 and video signals to a display 298. The audio output297 may include a speaker and/or an output jack. The display 298 maypresent a graphical user interface, which may include menus, icons, etc.The power supply 291 provides power to the components of the mobiledevice 289. Memory 292 may include random access memory (RAM) and/ornonvolatile memory.

Nonvolatile memory may include any suitable type of semiconductor orsolid-state memory, such as flash memory (including NAND and NOR flashmemory), phase change memory, magnetic RAM, and multi-state memory, inwhich each memory cell has more than two states. The storage device 293may include an optical storage drive, such as a DVD drive, and/or a harddisk drive (HDD). The mobile device may include a personal digitalassistant, a media player, a laptop computer, a gaming console, or othermobile computing device.

Those skilled in the art can now appreciate from the foregoingdescription that the broad teachings of the disclosure can beimplemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while this disclosureincludes particular examples, the true scope of the disclosure shouldnot be so limited since other modifications will become apparent upon astudy of the drawings, the specification, and the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: a sensing module configuredto sense an interference signal in a wireless channel, determine whetherthe interference signal is noise or a modulated signal transmitted by adevice, and attempt to determine, in response to the interference signalbeing a modulated signal, a modulation scheme of the modulated signal; acapacity determination module configured to determine capacities of thewireless channel to transmit data using a plurality of modulationschemes, wherein in response to the sensing module being able todetermine the modulation scheme of the modulated signal, the pluralityof modulation schemes includes the modulation scheme used by the deviceto modulate the modulated signal, and wherein in response to the sensingmodule being unable to determine the modulation scheme of the modulatedsignal, the plurality of modulation schemes includes one or moremodulation schemes that can be used by the device to modulate themodulated signal; and a selection module configured to select, based onthe capacities of the wireless channel, one of the plurality ofmodulation schemes to transmit data over the wireless channel.
 2. Thesystem of claim 1, further comprising a transmit module configured totransmit data over the wireless channel using the selected one of theplurality of modulation schemes.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein theselected one of the modulation schemes has a smallest one of thecapacities.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the selected one of themodulation schemes has one of the capacities that is greater than orequal to a predetermined threshold.
 5. The system of claim 1, whereinthe selection module is configured to: determine whether one or more ofthe plurality of modulation schemes have capacities greater than orequal to a predetermined threshold, and select one of the one or more ofthe plurality of modulation schemes having a highest data rate as theone of the plurality of modulation schemes to transmit data over thewireless channel.
 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising: anaveraging module configured to generate average capacities over aplurality of time slots or a plurality of frequency slots, wherein theselection module is configured to select one of the modulation schemeshaving an average capacity greater than or equal to a predeterminedthreshold as the one of the plurality of modulation schemes to transmitdata over the wireless channel.
 7. The system of claim 1, furthercomprising: an averaging module configured to generate averagecapacities over a plurality of time slots or a plurality of frequencyslots, wherein the selection module is configured to determine whetherone or more of the plurality of modulation schemes have averagecapacities greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold, andselect one of the one or more of the plurality of modulation schemeshaving a highest data rate as the one of the plurality of modulationschemes to transmit data over the wireless channel.
 8. A wirelessdevice, comprising: the system of claim 1, wherein the wireless deviceis associated with a first base station, and wherein the devicetransmitting the modulated signal is a second base station; and atransmit module configured to transmit the selected one of the pluralityof modulation schemes to the first base station, wherein the wirelessdevice is configured to receive data transmitted from the first basestation in accordance with the selected one of the plurality ofmodulation schemes.
 9. A method comprising: sensing an interferencesignal in a wireless channel; determining whether the interferencesignal is noise or a modulated signal transmitted by a device;attempting to determine, in response to the interference signal being amodulated signal, a modulation and coding scheme of the modulatedsignal; determining capacities of the wireless channel to transmit datausing a plurality of modulation schemes, wherein in response to thesensing module being able to determine the modulation scheme of themodulated signal, the plurality of modulation schemes includes themodulation scheme used by the device to modulate the modulated signal,and wherein in response to the sensing module being unable to determinethe modulation scheme of the modulated signal, the plurality ofmodulation schemes includes one or more modulation schemes that can beused by the device to modulate the modulated signal; and selecting,based on the capacities of the wireless channel, one of the plurality ofmodulation schemes to transmit data over the wireless channel.
 10. Themethod of claim 9, further comprising transmitting data over thewireless channel using the selected one of the plurality of modulationschemes.
 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the selected one of themodulation schemes has a smallest one of the capacities.
 12. The methodof claim 9, wherein the selected one of the modulation schemes has oneof the capacities that is greater than or equal to a predeterminedthreshold.
 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising: determiningwhether one or more of the plurality of modulation schemes havecapacities greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold; andselecting one of the one or more of the plurality of modulation schemeshaving a highest data rate as the one of the plurality of modulation totransmit data over the wireless channel.
 14. The method of claim 9,further comprising: generating average capacities over a plurality oftime slots or a plurality of frequency slots; and selecting one of themodulation schemes having an average capacity greater than or equal to apredetermined threshold as the one of the plurality of modulationschemes to transmit data over the wireless channel.
 15. The method ofclaim 9, further comprising: generating average capacities over aplurality of time slots or a plurality of frequency slots; determiningwhether one or more of the plurality of modulation schemes have averagecapacities greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold; andselecting one of the one or more of the plurality of modulation schemeshaving a highest data rate as the one of the plurality of modulationschemes to transmit data over the wireless channel.